Biography:

Anwar has completed his PhD in Geoscience  from Florida International University in 2008 and postdoctoral studies from University of Florida and University of South Florida. He is currently teaching introductory courses in Geology at Valencia College.
 

Abstract:

Buoyancy induced bubble dynamics is investigated using the Gunstensen color model based on the lattice Boltzmann method. A source term is incorporated in the collision term to simulate buoyant rise of bubble under gravitational force.  The shape of bubble is controlled by inertial, viscous and surface tension forces. The interplay between these forces is quantified using non-dimensional numbers such as Eötvös number (Eo), Morton number (Mo) and Reynolds number (Re). The shape of bubble in various flow regimes, characterized by the non-dimensional numbers, is compared against the experimental data. The effect of surface tension and viscosity ratio on terminal velocity and shape of bubble is investigated. The LBM results for change in shape of bubble or circularity of bubble is compared against COMSOL. Co-axial and oblique coalescence of two gas bubbles are simulated and compared against the experimental data. The LBM result was found to be in good agreement with the analytical solution, the experimental data and the COMSOL simulation.

The buoyancy model is applied to investigate the impact of capillary, buoyancy, and viscous forces on the displacement of brine by supercritical CO₂ at the pore scale.  The effect of these forces on residual brine will be quantified in terms of non-dimensional numbers such as Bond number (Bo), Viscosity ratio (M), and Reynolds number (Re). This can help us predict the storage capacity of a given aquifer for given physical properties of CO₂ and brine. The density contrast between brine and CO₂ ranges from 1.3 to 4.5 and the viscosity contrast ranges from 5 to 40.

Biography:

Prince Suka Momta holds a BSc degree in Geology from the University of Calabar, MSc in Petroleum Geology and PhD in Geology (Sedimentology & Reservoir Geology) from the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. He has a strong technical background and experience in oilfield operations involving drilling and formation evaluation, wellsite operations, well completion and casing for the past six years with OANDO Energy Services, Lonestar Drilling and CISCON Nigeria Limited. He has lectured with Uptonville Oil and Gas Institute (Petroleum Geoscience Institute) for six years and supervised 20 undergraduate and postgraduate diploma students of Petroleum Geoscience; published over 15 papers in reputable international journals and presented 4 conference papers; served as PhD Research Assistant to the OB Lulu Briggs Chair in Petroleum Geosciences at the Institute of Petroleum Studies, University of Port Harcourt between 2013 and 2016. He is a seasoned subsurface exploration consultant/Head of technical team with Petro-Drill Global Concept Limited/Radiant Exploration (USA) and Geo Exploration Technologies (Germany), promoting a state-of-the-art 4D satellite/airborne hydrocarbon and solid mineral exploration technology. She was a member of Oil Spill Rapid Response Team on Lonestar Drilling rig for all the operations in the Nembe Creek, Bayelsa State, and also an Environmental Consultant to Eyaa Community, Onne, Rivers State between 2014 and 2015, handling a major spill that occurred in the area. He reviews research articles for the American Journal of Geosciences (Science Publication), and Editorial Advisory Board Member on Petroleum Geology to the Elixir International Journal and Pelagia Research Library. 

Abstract:

Depositional and structural elements confer significant impact on hydrocarbon flow behaviour. These geologic elements were evaluated to understand possible causes of rapid production decline. The oilfield where this study is carried out is located within the shallow offshore area of the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The field experiences high decline in oil rate and sharp increase in water-cut two years after commencement of production. This research provides a predictive insight into coning behaviour and also serves as a blueprint for post-breakthrough performance analysis. Key objectives considered include: To identify subsurface structure capable of hydrocarbon entrapment; determine depositional characteristics of facies/depositional environment of key reservoirs; and to determine possible causes of rapid production decline in the field. The methods adopted include; well log correlation and sequence stratigraphic technique to establish the continuity of key horizons; electrofacies/seismic characterization of the gross depositional setting of key reservoirs and 3D seismic volume attribute analysis for stratigraphic and structural characterization. The 3D seismic volume attribute procedure for generating attributes follows a defined Petrel workflow that uses established algorithms to output anticipated results. The results showed that eight continuous sand horizons occurred within six depositional sequences of 7000 ft thick paralic Agbada Formation. A depth structure map generated over the N5.2 sand revealed a structural saddle; an elongate four-way dip closure with two structural culminations. Further analysis using 3D seismic attributes on time slice 0 to 4000 milliseconds showed four facies distribution patterns. They include: Dispersed facies; linear/parallel facies; isolated pattern, and meandering configuration. Depositional attributes inferred include: Beach-barrier-shoreface deposits; deep sea channel, chaotic turbidite sands, and stratigraphic pinchouts. Areas with high seismic root-mean-square amplitude represent sand-prone facies; low amplitude areas may be interpreted as pelagic or hemipelagic sedimentation, or water-bearing facies. The N5.2 producing sand has excellent reservoir quality and natural fractures. Inappropriate choke management, water injection, excellent reservoir quality and vertical fractures are factors that aggravated significant fluid flow and early water breakthrough, resulting in rapid production decline. The 3D seismic horizon slices is suitable for amplitude display, gross rock bodies identification, selection of possible drilling locations and for strati-structural modeling.

Biography:

Imran Ullah has completed his BS Geology (Hons) from Institute of Geology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. He had started his Master’s studies in Geology majoring in Structural Geology at Department of Earth Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Pakistan. He is also working as a Structural Geologist at the G & G department, KP Oil and Gas Company Limited, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Abstract:

The study area lies in the southern part of the Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis sub-Himalayas Pakistan. The Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis is an antiformal structure. The core of syntaxis comprises of Himalayan molasse deposits. These molasse deposits (Early Miocene-Recent) are outcroping sediments in the area. This study unravels the structure and stratigraphy of Nawan and Ghoi areas of Azad Kashmir and Pakistan. The Himalayan molasse deposits are exposed in the southern Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis. The formations exposed are the Chinji Formation, Nagri Formation, DhokPathan Formation, Soan Formation, Mirpur Formation and recent alluvium. The area is highly deformed into folds and faults due to Himalayan orogeny. The folds are NW-SE trending or SW-NE trending. The folds are asymmetric, tight, open, and gentle and close in nature. The folds are southwest, northeast or southeast, and northwest vergent. The Jhelum Fault truncates the northeast, southwest, southeast and northwest trending structures. The major folds are Jabran syncline, Shikra anticline, Haveli syncline, Band anticline and Chanas anticline. The major faults in the study area are Jhelum Fault and Malikpur Diljaba fault. The Jhelum Fault is a left lateral strike-slip fault with reverse movement. The Jhelum Fault truncates the northwest and southeast trending Himalayan structures. The Malikpur-Diljaba fault is the back thrust splay of the Jhelum Fault. The folds and faults are the result of northeast southwest or northwest southeast Himalayan compression in the area.

Biography:

G P Shivashankara has completed his PhD from Bangalore University, India. He is a Professor in Department of Civil Engineering, P E S College of Engineering, Mandya, India. He has more than 31 years of experience in teaching and research fields. He is specialized in environmental engineering. He has guided several MTech and PhD students. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and authored one text book. Serving as Principal Investigator, he has taken four sponsored projects to carry out the research work. On invitation, he has visited number of countries for paper presentation.

Abstract:

The study is an assessment of the quality of wet precipitation and the harvested rainwater samples from different types of roof catchments such as reinforced cement concrete (RCC), galvanized iron, asbestos cement & galvalume sheets in urban area consisting of residential, commercial, downstream of industrial area with Bengaluru urban area. The precipitation samples were collected using wet precipitation collector by placing it on the terrace of the building. The harvested rainwater samples were collected in a staggered manner as first, second and third flush from all the roofs. The samples were analyzed for pH, TDS, conductivity, cations, anions and some heavy metals. Mean pH of wet precipitation was around 5.44 which is less than neutral pH 5.60, depicts slight acidic nature of wet precipitation. The study shows that lower pH in precipitation was controlled by acidic species of sulphate and nitrate. The concentration of harvested rainwater is more than the concentration of wet precipitation and varied for different roof catchments. The harvested rainwater concentration is within the acceptable limit of drinking water standards IS 10500:2012 except iron. pH, total dissolved solids, conductivity, sulphate, bicarbonate, nitrate, calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate concentrations have been identified to be higher in RCC roof than galvanized iron, galvalume & asbestos cement sheet. Some heavy metals have been found to be lower in RCC roof than other roof catchments. In most of the cases, the first flush of the harvested rainwater has higher concentration compared to second and third flush. The presence of pollutants can be attributed towards atmospheric dry depositions, anthropogenic activities, industrial emissions and leaching of roof catchment due to acidic nature of wet precipitation. The harvested rainwater can be utilized for groundwater recharge or any other purpose by providing pre-treatment after separating it from the first flush.

Biography:

Atumah O Lawrence has completed his MSc in Physics (Exploration Geophysics) from University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria in 2003. He is a Principal Lecturer in the Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Applied Sciences and Technology. He has publications in reputable journals and served as Head of Department of Science Laboratory Technology and is currently the Director of Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES).

Abstract:

In this research work, four Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were carried out in Ewu Town at various locations: Eguare-Ewu, Idunwele-Ewu, Flour Mill Road-Ewu and Eko-Ewu using the ABEM terrameter, by employing the Schlumberger electrode configuration system to determine the level of groundwater. From the analysis of field data and results of computer iteration, a maximum of four geoelectric layers were obtained. The first layer of geoelectric section was the lateritic top soil with thickness of 1.21 m and 11.1, for VES 1 and VES 2, with apparent resistivity of 438 Ωm and 183 Ωm. The possible aquiferous zone for sustaining groundwater are within the second and third layers for VES 1 and the fourth layer for VES 2, at a depth of 2.67 m – 47 m and infinity respectively. The apparent resistivity of the aquiferous layer of VES 1 and VES 2 are 797 Ωm and 362 Ωm respectively, which is a fine sand layer. The apparent resistivity of the aquiferous layer of VES 3 and VES 4 are 5511 Ωm and 129 Ωm respectively with infinity thickness. 

Biography:

Mohit Kumar has completed his graduation from University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun. Currently, he is working as Geologist in Wipro Technologies.

Abstract:

Natural fractures are classified in two broad categories of joints & faults on the basis of shear movement in the deposited strata. Natural fracture always has structural high relationship with extensional or non-extensional tectonics & sometimes the result is seen in the form of micro cracks. Geological evidences suggest that both large & small scale fractures help in to analyze the seismic anisotropy which essentially contributes in to characterization of petro physical properties behavior associated with directional migration of fluid. We generally question why basement study is much needed as historically it is being treated as non-productive & geoscientist had no interest in exploration of these basement rocks. Basement rock goes under high pressure and temperature & seems to be highly fractured because of the tectonic stresses that are applied to the formation along with the other geological factors such as depositional trend, internal stress of the rock body, rock rheology, pore fluid & capillary pressure. Sometimes carbonate rocks also plays the role of basement & igneous body e.g. basalt deposited over the carbonate rocks & fluid migrate from carbonate to igneous rock due to buoyancy force & adequate permeability generated by fracturing. So, in order to analyze the complete petroleum system, FMC (Fluid Migration Characterization) is necessary through fractured media including fracture intensity, orientation & distribution both in basement rock & county rock. Thus, good understanding of fractures can lead to project the correct wellbore trajectory or path which passes through potential permeable zone generated through intensified P-T & tectonic stress condition. This papers deals with the analysis of these fracture property such as intensity, orientation & distribution in basement rock as large scale fracture can be interpreted on seismic section however small scale fractures shows ambiguity in interpretation because fracture in basement rock lies below the seismic wavelength & hence shows erroneous result in identification. Seismic attribute technique also helps us to delineate the seismic fracture & subtle changes in fracture zone & these can be inferred from azimuthal anisotropy in velocity & amplitude and spectral decomposition. Seismic azimuthal anisotropy derives fracture intensity & orientation from compressional wave & converted wave data and based on variation of amplitude or velocity with azimuth. Still detailed analysis of fractured basement requires full isotropic & anisotropic analysis of fracture matrix & surrounding rock matrix in order to characterize the spatial variability of basement fracture which supports the migration of fluid from basement to overlying rock.

Biography:

Abstract:

Oceanic fronts are water regions having different characteristics compared with their surrounding waters. This tangible difference in temperature, salinity, nutrients, planktons and other physical features can be observable as well as measureable. In this research, in order to study the seasonal changing trends of physical parameters of Water Sea in the Ras Al Hadd front, the ROMS numerical model was rendered. In fronts, high speeds occur and changing these speeds is inevitable. Although fronts are usually observed like narrow strips, a wide range of turbulence happens in them. These turbulences are one of the main biological factors for aquatic animals and plants, since their effects and vertical movements make the vertical movements of particles and nutrients easier. The preliminary results revealed that the Indian Ocean’s seasonal currents and winds (Manson), dependent on special atmospheric conditions, mostly happens in the Northern parts of Indian Ocean. This causes some climatic changes in Arabian and Oman Sea that produces two quite different phases. The first is seasonal summer winds or west-south seasonal currents and the second is seasonal winter winds or north-east seasonal currents. In the former, a strong northern current in Arabian Sea is apparent. This current, in east most parts in Oman, i.e. Ras Al Hadd, changes direction into Arabian Sea and makes Ras Al Hadd front.

Biography:

Yuan Zeng is an Associate Professor in RADI. She completed her PhD in 2008 from Wageningen University in the Netherlands. Her research interests include hyperspectral remote sensing, forest canopy variable retrieval and modeling, remote sensing applications in forests and ecology. She has published more than 50 papers in journals. Currently, her on-going projects are related to the forest above ground biomass mapping and plant biodiversity estimation using LiDAR and hyperspectral data.

Abstract:

Monitoring forest biodiversity is essential to the conservation and management of forest resource. A new method called “Spectranomics” that map forest species richness based on leaf biochemical and spectroscopic traits using imaging spectroscopy has been developed. In this study, we use this method combined with the airborne imaging spectroscopy (PHI-3 with 1 m spatial resolution) data to detect the relationship among the spectral, biochemical and taxonomic diversity of tree species based on 20 dominant canopy species collected in the Longmenhe Forest Nature Reserve of China. Seven optimal biochemical components (chlorophyll, carotenoid, water, specific leaf area, nitrogen, cellulose and lignin) were selected (R2>0.58, P<0.01) to indicate the forest biodiversity, and the max species number detected by the 7 biochemical combination was 14. Then, 7 vegetation indices were derived to represent the corresponding biochemical components, and scaled from the canopy to leaf scale by divided leaf area index. In addition, we used the morphological crown control method based on watershed algorithm to isolate individual tree crown by LiDAR (>4 points/m²). Finally, a self-adaptive Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering algorithm was applied to determine the optimal clustering numbers (i.e. species richness) and Shannon-Wiener for each 30x30 m window based on the isolated individual tree height and 7 biochemical indices. According to total 22 sample plots, the mapping results show that the predicted species richness is close to the field measurements (R2=0.6482, P<0.01) and the predicted Shannon–Wiener index provides higher estimated accuracy (R2=0.8252, P<0.01) than the species richness.

Biography:

Bello Mojeed Adetunji studied BSc (Ed) in Geography and Environmental Management between year 2006 and 2011. He worked with Wole Oluseyi and Co. and Estate Surveyors and Valuers between year 2011 and 2012 and later proceeded to Ayeye and Company as a Business Development Officer in between year 2012 and 2014. During his undergraduate days, he was able to champion the Green Week. He is a Post-graduate student of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria. He is currently undertaking his Tutelage as MSc student in Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife. He is a Probationer Member of Nigeria Institute of Estate Surveyors and Valuers. He has attended several geoscience conferences and published a paper in a local journal titled “Social Analysis of Population and Land Use Dynamics in Ado Odo Ota L.G.A., Ogun State”. He has done a number of researches in the field of environmental management.

Abstract:

This study characterized the general features of rainwater in the study area. The spatial variation in the physio-chemical properties of rain water was determined and the influence of industrial activities around Ewekoro Cement Industry, Ogun State, Nigeria was investigated. This was with the aim to assess the impact of pollution on rain water composition. It also provides information on the air quality (total suspended particles and carbon-monoxide) and vulnerability of ecosystem to pollution in the study area. The study evaluated the chemical composition of composite samples and compared it with standards. Rainfall was collected using bulk precipitation collector that was made up of 2 mm plastic funnel in a 5 litre polythene plastic bottle which was held firmly by an iron rod that prevented it from falling. The funnel was covered with a permeable synthetic mesh that prevented the samples from being contaminated with leaves and bird dungs. The water samples were collected using standard with 2.5 ml of nitric acid (HNO₃) and 2.5 ml of perchlorate acid (HCIO₄) solution. The data collected were subjected to descriptive statistic and the spatial variability was described with isopleth. The secondary data involved an administrative map of the study area collected from Ogun state ministry of land and housing. The pH of rain water around Ewekoro Industrial Area ranged 7.20 and 9.00 with a mean±SD of 9.60±0.45; pH was noticeable to have uniform concentration in all sampling locations throughout the period of the study. The range of temperature (25.42-26.82 ⁰C) with a mean±SD of 26.34±0.72; conductivity (5.72-7.91 µScm^-1) with a mean of 6.90±0.96; Acidity (2.00-15.00 mgCaCO₃/L) with a mean±SE of 5.33±0.46; Total hardness (0.04-1.23 mgCaCO₃/L) with a mean±SE of 0.65±0.04 in rain water of the study area were all falling within the WHO (2010) and Nigeria Industrial Standards (NIS, 2007) permissible limits for drinking water quality. The mean concentration for the major ions of rain water in the study area occurred within the following categories: Mg²⁺ (Ë‚0.1 mg/l); NO₃˃Na⁺˃SO₄²⁺˃K⁺˃Ca²⁺ (0.1-1 mg/L); The concentration of cations were higher at northern direction (point D) while the concentration of sulphate was higher at the production plant (50 m radius) of the cement industry. The mean concentration of heavy metals in the study area were as follows; Cd (0.010±0.002 mg/L), Pb (0.00±0.001 mg/L), Mn (0.001±0.00 mg/L). They are all falling within the WHO (2010) and the Nigeria Industrial Standard (NIS, 2007) permissible limits for drinking water quality. The study concluded that industrial activities in the study area have an influence on all the physicochemical compositions of rain water in the study area, but more significant on major cation of calcium, magnesium, potassium and anion of sulphate, nitrate and chloride.

Biography:

Oladipo Abimbola Victor has completed his BSc from University of Ilorin, Nigeria and is currently in the second year of his Post-graduate Diploma from the same university. He currently teaches Geography at Eagles College, Apata, Ibadan. He is co-author of a paper in the journal of Environment and Natural Resources Research 2013.

Abstract:

In an oilfield exploration program, trap identification and reservoir fluid contact mapping are essential ingredients for reservoir studies in the absence of sufficient drilled wells. Trap identification and amplitude anomaly analysis of the Rainbow field, onshore Niger Delta was carried out using 3-D seismic and well log data. The objective of the study was to interpret structure maps for trap identification and extract amplitude data of such horizons in order to study hydrocarbon contacts. The method employed include well log correlation, reservoir identification, horizons interpretation, fault interpretation and amplitude extraction over the study area. Gamma ray log from 6 wells were correlated across the field to delineate the lithology and establish the continuity of reservoir sands. The tie between the reservoir tops and corresponding seismic reflections were established. Amplitudes of interpreted horizons were tracked to access the fluid contact. Results indicate 2 sand unit reservoirs II and I that are hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs and lies within depths range of (1200 m-2400 m and 2750-3300). The hydrocarbon contact could not be identified on well logs as the observed crossover of density and neutron logs signature is interpreted to be lithologic effect rather than fluid effect. In a bid to identify fluid contacts on the structure maps, amplitude was overlain with structure. Results show that amplitude did not conform to structure for reservoir I while reservoir II shows amplitude that correlates well with structure. Amplitude anomalies can be influenced by other factors including tuning effect and overpressure in shales. On the other hand, the structure maps shows the various positions and orientations of the normal growth faults and anticlinal folds. Anticline is an important structure for hydrocarbon folds. The faults are classified into major and minor faults. The major fault was continuous across the field while the minor fault terminates close to the anticlinal structure in the center of the field. The presence of these faults in the prospect areas is an indication of hydrocarbon accumulation in the fault traps, provided the fault zones are sealing. Therefore, it is interpreted that the principal structure responsible for hydrocarbon entrapment in the field is the anticlinal structure. Anticline is an important structure for hydrocarbon entrapment in the Niger Delta of Nigeria.