International Conference on Geosciences and Geophysics October 06-07, 2016 (8 Plenary Forums-1 Event)
Orlando, Florida, USA

Biography:

As a professor of University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Yiwen Ju also serve as Program Leader of National Major Projects, vice-chairman of China Energy Society, Director of Professional Committee of Nanogeology, Geological Society of China. His main research fields include: Coal Geology, Coalbed Methane Geology, Structural Geology,  Microstructure Deformation and Nanogeoscience et al. He has published 3 books, more than 150 papers and been awarded several national prizes..

Abstract:

A more accurate Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventory draws too much attention. For the resource endowment and technical status, China makes coal-related GHG emissions a big part of the inventory. Lacking stoichiometric carbon conversion coefficient and influenced by geological conditions and mining technologies led previous efforts in estimating methane fugitive emission from coal mining in China to get discordant results.

This paper proposes a new method to estimate CMM emissions based on analysis the feature of gas-geology distribution, coal property, mining operation and CMM emission process in China. The active data is composed of easy-to-access parameters i.e. in situ gas content, residual gas content and raw coal production, and determine mining influence coefficient variation in the range of 1.3 to 2.0 by regression analysis of typical coalmines data. Not only overcome the shortage of overestimation by emission factors methods(Tier 1 and Tier 2), but also surmount the deficiencies of heavy workload, short timeliness and CMM emissions post-mining absence by relative CMM emissions method(Tier 3), just like verified in a case study with smallest error of +9.59%. The CMM emissions inventory compiling by the new method is better to reflect the reality of CMM emission in China.

Biography:

Wei Shangguan has completed his PhD from Beijing Normal University. He works at Beijing Normal University since 2010. He is now an associate professor. He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Understanding the global pattern of underground boundaries such as bedrock occurrence is of continuous interest to Earth and geosciences. This work presents a framework for global estimation of Depth to bedrock (DTB). Observations were extracted from a global compilation of soil profile data (ca. 130,000 locations) and borehole data (ca. 1.6 million locations). Additional pseudo-observations generated by expert knowledge were added to fill in large sampling gaps. The model training points were then overlaid on a stack of 155 covariates including DEM-based hydrological and morphological derivatives, lithologic units, MODIS surfacee reflectance bands and vegetation indices derived from the MODIS land products. Global spatial prediction models were developed using random forests and Gradient Boosting Tree algorithms. The final predictions were generated at the spatial resolution of 250m as an ensemble prediction of the two independently fitted models. The 10–fold cross-validation shows that the models explain 59% for absolute DTB and 34% for censored DTB (depths deep than 200 cm are predicted as 200 cm). The model for occurrence of R horizon (bedrock) within 200 cm does a good job. Visual comparisons of predictions in the study areas where more detailed maps of depth to bedrock exist show that there is a general match with spatial patterns from similar local studies. Limitation of the data set and extrapolation in data spare areas should not be ignored in applications. To improve accuracy of spatial prediction, more borehole drilling logs will need to be added to supplement the existing training points in under-represented areas.

Biography:

The first author has completed his Ph.D. at the age of 28 years from Panjab University, Chandigarh, India and served in Geological Survey of India from 1st October 2010 to 30th August 2015 before joining at Central University of Punjab, Bathinda India on 31st August 2015. He has published more than 9 papers in reputed journals. The co-author is working in Palaeontology Division, Geological Survey of India, Central Headquater, Kolkata India since 1st October 2010

Abstract:

The predominently red bed sequence of Tiki Formation, representing a significant lithostratigraphic unit of the South Rewa Gondwana Basin of India, is well known for its vertebrate fossils assemblage of Late Triassic age. The present palaeontological investigation from the study area could record certain additional micro and mega vertebrates remains comprising of vertebrae, palatine teeth, osteoderms, isolated tooth, maxillary dental plates of Phytosaurid reptile (Parasuchus hislopi); vertebrae, maxillary dental plates of Rhyncosaurid reptilian (Tikisuchus romeri); vertebrae; isolated tooth of Ornithischian dinosaur; Jaw of sphanodontid reptile, Dromatherid Cynodont and mammalian teeth Cynodon  sp.; teeth, scales and clavicles of piscean remains including those of Actinopterigian fish,  Hybodont  shark teeth including Lissodus duffini, Parvodus tikiensis, several broken and complete isolated teeth of Xenacanthus sp., Ceratodus sp., semionid fish. The vertebrate faunal assemblage of Tiki Formation is correlated with coeval Maleri Formation of the Prahnita-Godavari basin. The records of phytosaur osteoderms, teeth, vertebrae, jaw associated with other fossil remains of mollusc, fresh water selachian, rhynchosaur, metoposaurid, rauisuchid and cynodonts suggest the presence of higher level ecosystem which were directly or indirectly dependent on each other. The micro and megavertebrate remains of the Late Triassic Tiki Formation of India are correlatable with the equivalent deposits from certain parts of the globe. The present study gives the global palaeobiogeographic scenario of Late Triassic time which is well supported by closely correlatable Late Triassic taxa in different continents which might have served a relatively rapid intercontinent passage of the vertebrate community extending across the ancient Supercontinent, Pangea.

Biography:

Feifei Liu has completed her master degree at the age of 26 years from Ocean University of China and worked for six years in Ocean University of China. At the present,she is studying as a PhD-student at the China University of Petroleum.She has published more than 4 papers in journals.

Abstract:

Lingshan Island, with a height of 513.6metres above sea level, is the highest island in northern China. It’s located in the Yellow Sea, from the southeast of Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China. The island is among the Sulu Orogenic Belt between the South China Block and North China Block. Therefore, the island is very important on the regional tectonics, and some studies about structual and sedimentary characteristics of the island have reported, but its origin characteristics and type are seldom shown so far in the geological literatures.

Through field geological investigation, the whole lithostratigraphy in the Lingshan Island belonged to the distal turbidites, interbedded with multiple periods of volcano clastic rocks. Zircon U-Pb Dating of  rhyolite sample in Lingshan Island showed that the ages concentrated into 108~126Ma, in the Early Cretaceous of the Mesozoic. It was originally formed when the North China plate and the Yangtze plate collided. In the later stage,it has been under the influence of interaction between the Pacific plate and Philippine plate and their movement against the Eurasia.From the viewpoint of geodynamics,it is revealed that the Lingshan Island was formed by multiple dynamic processes including tectonism and magmatism(both volcanism and intrusion).The results are helpful to the understanding of formation,and sedimentation as well as hydrocarbon generation and accumulation in the adjacent basins.

Biography:

Fatah Ramdhan was born in Indramayu on February 11, 1995. He is the student of Universitas Padjadjaran on Geophysics Departement. He was last semester on Geophysisc Department, Universitas Padjadjaran and going on get his Bachelor of Science (B.Sc) on Geophysics. He will get his thesis on minning. He active in geophysics organization such as Society of Exploration Geophysicist (SEG), Himpunan Mahasiswa Geofisika Indonesia (HMGI), HMGF Pedra, Universitas Padjadjaran. He was  researching about landslide’s victims who heaped by landslide using resistivity analysis. In another research, he was researching about model of arsenic distribution patern in Garut, West Java.

Abstract:

This research has done in the ​​North Jakarta to analyze changes in soil physical properties as indicators of environmental pollution using geophysical methods based on electricity and combined by chemical analysis. 20 samples of soil taken from two different site. The first site is along Jalan Yos Sudarso, and the second site is along the banks of Kali Sunter. The length of each site is one kilometers, with spacing point of sample as far as 100 meters. Each sample tested in laboratory to observed a value of Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC) and pH, by assumed normal condition weather. The results of laboratory tests showed an average value of TDS is 118.2 ppm, EC amounted to 236.4 μS / cm and pH is show to alkaline, which means that the area has been polluted environment. Increasing TDS value is followed by increasing EC value and the graph shows a linear relationship between both of them. Environmental pollution predicted caused by the contributions of vehicle exhaust fumes and industrial pollution. Pollution pattern is tend to increase towards to the north approaching traffic line, harbor and industry.

Keywords: Soil Pollution, pH, EC, TDS, North Jakarta

Biography:

Yasir has completed his PhD study in Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia in  2014, in the department of Geosciences. In 2015 and on, he joined the same Department as a Post-Doctoral Researcher. His main research was on petrography and petrophysics. Currently he is interested in the study of digital rock physics and its application on the modeling and simulation of petrophysical properties.

Abstract:

This paper introduces a method for assessing changes in, and modeling the development of pore network of carbonate rocks as a result of dissolution. The method is based on utilizing 3D volume rendered from image data to construct a surface model from that volume using NURBS module available in ScanIP software package. Pores were visualized in 3D volume for the same sample prior and after dissolution. Before volume rendering from CT scan data, pore volume fraction was computed using a mask applied for the purpose of image segmentation. After volume rendering, a NURBS-based surface model was constructed for limestone sample where pores were in-depth visualized and the increase in porosity was assessed. The model showed that the pattern of pores prior to dissolution is mostly individual pores, whereas post dissolution pores tend to merge through the increase in pore body rather than pore throat. Based on that, a model describing the preferred pathways for dissolution was described.

Biography:

Segun Ogunleye is on his PhD program in the department of Geology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. He is specializes in palynofacies, palynology petroleum maturity and petroleum potentials of the Tertiary Era Basins. He has won numerous awards and grants, among which is the prestigious National Association of Petroleum Explorationist UP grant for best postgraduate student in micropaleontology 2015. He has co-authored papers in reputable journals and presented in both local and international conferences. He has worked both in the industry as a palynologist and presently in the academia as a research assistant.

Abstract:

A detailed palynofacies and palynostratigraphy studies were carried out on ditch cuttings from Well X and Well Y, shallow offshore, Niger Delta. The samples yielded a number of species of palynomorphs, which includes Zonocostites ramonae, Monoporites annulatus, Retitricolporites irregularis, Cyperaceapollis species, Echitricolporites spinusos and Nympheapollis clarus. One floral zone (P800) and three (3) subzones (P860, P850 – P840 and P830) were delineated in both wells based on the recognition of the base continuous occurrence of Nympheaepollis clarus and the quantitative base occurrence of Cyperaceaepollis sp. These bioevents as well as the associated palynomorph assemblage indicates a Late Miocene age for the analyzed section of both wells. The relative abundance of the sedimentary organic matter (Amorphous, Phytoclasts and Palynomorphs) revealed three palynofacies types pointing to three possible paleoenvironments. These are the proximal, marginal and distal shelf environments which are laid down under anoxic, suboxic and oxic condition. On this basis a coastal to marginal marine environment was proposed for the sequence penetrated by the two wells. 

Biography:

Bello, Mojeed Adetunji is 28years of age. He studied B.sc (Ed) in geography and environmental management between year 2006 and year 2011. He worked with Wole Oluseyi and Co., Estate Surveyors and Valuers between year 2011 and year 2012 and later proceeded to Ayeye and Company as a business development officer in between year 2012 and year 2014. During his undergraduate days, he was able to champion the GREEN WEEK. The GREEN WEEK is a pure environmental program regarding environmental education and sensitization in the nook and cranny of Ogun State, Nigeria. He is a post graduate student of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria. He is currently undertaking his tutelage as M.sc Student in Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife.  He is a probationer member of Nigeria Institute of Estate Surveyors and Valuers.He has attended several Geoscience Conferences and published a paper in a local journal title; Social Analysis of Population and Land Use Dynamics in Ado Odo Ota L.G.A., Ogun State. He has done a number of researches in the field of environmental management. 

Abstract:

This study characterized the general features of rainwater in the study area. Determined the spatial variation in the physio-chemical properties of rain water and investigated the influence of industrial activities around Ewekoro Cement Industry, Ogun State, Nigeria. This is with the aim to assess the impact of pollution on rain water composition. It also provides information on the air quality (total suspended particles and carbon-monoxide) and vulnerability of ecosystem to pollution in the study area. The study evaluate the chemical composition of composite samples and compare it with standards.

Rainfall was collected using bulk precipitation collector that was made up of 2 mm plastic funnel in a 5litre polythene plastic bottle which was held firmly by an iron rod that prevented it from falling. The funnel was covered with a permeable synthetic mesh that prevented the samples from being contaminated with leaves and bird dungs. The water samples were collected using standard with 2.5 ml of nitric acid (HNO3) and 2.5 ml of perchlorate acid (HCI04) solution. The data collected were subjected to descriptive statistic and the spatial variability was describe with isopleth. The secondary data involve an administrative map of the study area collected from Ogun state ministry of land and housing.

The pH of rain water around Ewekoro Industrial Area ranged 7.20 and 9.00 with a mean±SD of 9.60±0.45, pH was noticeable to have uniform concentration in all sampling locations throughout the period of the study. The range of temperature (25.42-26.82 ⁰C) with a mean±S.D of 26.34±0.72; conductivity (5.72-7.91µScm-¹) with a mean of 6.90±0.96; Acidity (2.00-15.00 mgCaCO₃ /L) with a mean±S.E of 5.33±0.46; Total hardness (0.04-1.23 mgCaCO₃ /L) with a mean±S.E of 0.65±0.04 in rain water of the study area were all fall within the WHO (2010) and Nigeria Industrial Standards (NIS, 2007) permissible limits for drinking water quality. The mean concentration for the major ions of rain water in the study area occurred within the following categories: Mg²⁺ (Ë‚0.1mg/l);N03˃Na+˃S0₄²⁺˃K⁺˃Ca²⁺ (0.1-1mg/L); The concentration of cations are higher at northern direction (point D) while the concentration of sulphate is higher at the production plant (50 m radius) of the cement industry. The mean concentration of heavy metals in the study area are as follow; Cd (0.010±0.002 mg/L), Pb (0.00±0.001mg/L), Mn (0.001±0.00mg/L). They are all fall within the WHO (2010) and the Nigeria Industrial Standard (NIS, 2007) permissible limits for drinking water quality. The study concluded that industrial activities in the study area have an influence on all the physicochemical compositions of rain water in the study area but more significant on major cation of Calcium, Magnesium, potassium and anion of sulphate, nitrate and chloride.

Biography:

Emberga Teremba has is presently a PhD  Student at the age of 40 years from Federal University of Technology, owerri ,School of Physical Science, Studying Applied Geophysics. He is  a Lecturer with Federal Polytecnic Nekede in the Deparment of Physics/Electronics. He has published more than 17 papers in reputed journals. 

Abstract:

The aeromagnetic data have been used to re-evaluate parts of the Upper Benue Trough Nigeria using spectral analysis technique in order to appraise the mineral accumulation potential of the area. The regional field was separated with a first order polynomial using polifit program. The residual data was subdivided into 24 spectral blocks using OASIS MONTAJ software program. Two prominent magnetic depth source layers were identified. The deeper source depth values obtained ranges from 1.56km to 2.92km with an average depth of 2.37km as the magnetic basement depth while for the shallower sources, the depth values ranges from -1.17km to 0.98km with an average depth of 0.55km. The shallow depth source is attributed to the volcanic rocks that intruded the sedimentary formation and this could possibly be responsible for the mineralization found in parts of the study area.

Biography:

Abstract:

Elastic properties of rocks have been derived from well logs and 3D pre-stack seismic data from Onshore Niger Delta through rock physics modelling and LamdaMuRho (LMR) seismic inversion and analysed to map hydrocarbon bearing sands and the different fluid types trapped in them. P-impedance, S-impedance, Vp/Vs ratio, porosity, LamdaRho (λρ) and  MuRho (µρ) were derived from well logs using appropriate relations.  LMR inversion of the pre-stack seismic data was also carried out to generate Acoustic Impedance, Shear Impedance and Density volumes. These rock parameters were analyzed in cross-plots space and used to determine which of them constituted better indicators of pore fluids and lithology. Data slices of the elastic rock parameter volumes were then used to study the characteristics of the identified hydrocarbon bearing intervals. The identified reservoirs of interest for wells A, B, C and D are HD 9000, GC 7100, HD 2000 and HD 5000 respectively and their corresponding depths range from 6816 to 7356.86ft, 5538.60ft to 5930ft, 5842.8ft to 6028.34ft and 5838ft to 6051.5ft respectively. Results also showed that the cross-plot of LambdaRho versus MuRho from all the wells yielded best discrimination between fluids and lithology while a similar cross-plot from the inverted seismic volume validated the results from the wells. 

Biography:

Dr. Yoshiharu Mitoma,  Ph.D. (Engineering, Kyushu University, 1997), is now a Professor at the Prefectural University of Hiroshima. Dr. Mitoma was awarded the Young Chemist Award from the Asian Chemical Congress (2005, Seoul, Korea) and from the International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology (Houston, Texas, USA). He was a peer in juries for different projects of two Japanese ministries (MEXT and METI). Currently, his studies specifically examine new dechlorination methods for use with dioxin and dioxin-like compounds using nanoparticles under dry or environmentally friendly conditions. His research also elucidates new solidification and immobilization methods for toxic heavy metals in soil.

Abstract:

Subsequent to the tragic Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant event, large areas of urban and agricultural soils were polluted with radioactive ¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs, which have been trapped in various clays. A conventional decontamination method is to suspend the polluted soil in water to remove fine soil particles. However, this method entails several shortcomings such as large amounts of wastewater involved or its freezing during winter. Therefore, much attention has been devoted to dry decontamination methods. Given these circumstances, we developed a new method using nano-Fe/Ca/CaO composite material as a reagent for the immobilization and separation of stable and radioactive cesium species in contaminated soil under dry conditions. After grinding contaminated soil with nano-Fe/CaO, nano-Fe/Ca/CaO, and nano-Fe/Ca/CaO/[PO₄], approximately 31, 25, and 22 wt% magnetic soil fractions were separated, with ¹³³Cs immobilization of about 78, 81, and 100%, respectively. When actual radioactive cesium contaminated soil obtained from the Fukushima region was treated with nano-Fe/Ca/CaO/[PO₄], approximately 27.3/72.7 wt% of magnetic and non-magnetic soil fractions were separated. The highest amount of entrapped ¹³⁴/¹³⁷Cs was found in the magnetically separated soil fraction of lowest weight (i.e. 80% Cs in 27.3% soil). The Cs immobilization in either magnetic or non-magnetic soil fractions was 100%. The morphology and mineral phases of the nano-Fe/Ca/CaO/[PO₄] treated soil were characterized using SEM-EDS, EPMA, and XRD analyses. EPMA and XRD patterns indicate that the main fraction of enclosed/bound materials on treated soil includes Ca/PO₄ associated crystalline complexes. These results suggest that a simple grinding treatment with nano-Fe/Ca/CaO/[PO₄] might be a highly efficient immobilization and separation method for actual radioactive-cesium-contaminated soil.

Biography:

Essam has completed his PhD at the age of 37 years from Calgary University. He is a lecturer in Military Technical Collage. He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals and international conferences.

Abstract:

Recently, laser scanning systems (airborne and terrestrial mobile mapping systems) have been established as a leading technology for collecting high density 3D information from an object's surface. The availability of generated surface models is very important for various industrial, military, environmental, and public applications. The accuracy of the derived point cloud coordinates from a LiDAR system is affected by inherent systematic and random errors. The impact of random errors depends on the precision of the system’s measurements, which comprise position and orientation information from the GPS/INS unit, mirror angles, and ranges. On the other hand, systematic errors are mainly caused by biases in the mounting parameters (i.e., lever arm offset and boresight angles) relating the system components as well as biases in the system measurements (e.g., ranges and mirror angles). In order to ensure the geometric quality of the collected point cloud, the LiDAR systems should undergo a rigorous calibration procedure to estimate the system parameters that minimize the discrepancies between conjugate surface elements in overlapping LiDAR strips. The main objective of this paper is to look into an existing LiDAR system calibration technique, which is based on selection of overlapping regions between LiDAR strips and how to increase the efficiency of this technique by automatic selection of appropriate overlapping strip pairs, which should achieve the minimum optimal flight configuration that maximizes the impact of the discrepancies among conjugate surface elements in overlapping strips as well as automatic selection of regions within the appropriate overlapping strip pairs. The methodology of the proposed technique can be summarized as follows: first, the LiDAR strip pairs are grouped based on the flight configuration; second, appropriate overlapping strip pairs from each group is automatically selected; third, regions within the appropriate overlapping strip pairs are automatically selected based on their angles (slopes and aspects) and distribution; finally, the calibration procedure is applied. The experimental results have shown that the quality of the estimated parameters using the automatic selection is quite comparable to the estimated parameters using the manual selection while the proposed method is fully automated and much faster

Biography:

Hajer Negra is a Ph.D. student at the University of Tunis El Manar, graduated in 2012 with bachelors in geology (first class honors). At the same university in 2015, she completed a master’s degree in earth science, specializing in sedimentary basin analysis and reservoir characterization. Her master’s thesis is on the stratigraphic and structural relation between the Paleozoic unconventional hydrocarbon reservoir and the Mesozoic aquifer of South Tunisia. The research was done in collaboration with the Center of Petroleum Research and Exploration of the Tunisian Oil Company (ETAP). She is currently actively involved Young Earth Scientists (YES) Network as national representative for Tunisia.

Abstract:

The hydrocarbon demand is incessantly growing what makes the need to vary the energy sources inevitable. For this reason we tried to put highlight on the unconventional resources, and because of the controversies it has raised and especially the fact that this industry could damage aquifers, we chose to focus our work on the relation between the Lower Cretaceous “Continental Intercalaire” aquifer and the Silurian hot shales in the southern Chotts basin of Tunisia, being based on the seismic and well data.

The term Continental Intercalaire refers to the Continental episode located between two cycles of marine sedimentation. It is characterized by normal to low energetic deposition that facilitates the deposits of massive sandstones and sand beds with some intercalations of siltstones and shales. The lowermost part of this Formation is marked by the presence of interbeds of dolomite and anhydrite.

The Jurassic Sebaia Evaporites Formation is dominated by massive anhydrite and shale beds with some sandstone intercalations. As seen in the seismic, Sebaia Evaporites layers have high energy what made it easy to recognize. The Silurian Hot Shales are highly faulted. The lowermost part of the Silurian is marked by the presence of the "Hot Shales" representing the major source rock of the Sahara Platform. This unit consists of dark grey to black shale.

A regional study of the southern Chotts basin showed that the evaporites layers are present in the whole study area. These layers, which represent a protection for the aquifer, and constitute a separation between the two reservoirs (water and hydrocarbons), have an average thickness of 450 m in the petroleum wells of the area. So there is no clear contact between the Continental Intercalaire and the Silurian Hot shales, if the faults which reach the two targets are sealed. An FMI can be done to detect the sealing of these faults. We used four wells in our study, only one well reaches the Silurian Hot Shale Formation. For that reason, a lithostratigraphic and wire line logging correlation between wells has been established to see the extension and continuity of the hot shale Formation.

The resulting stress fields evolved through the Pan African and Paleozoic events within this area recorded poly-phase deformations since the Cambrian time to the present day, resulting on the structuring of the area in NW-SE and ESE-WNW faults. Geophysical evaluation highlights that some of the identified faults pass through the “Continental Intercalaire” aquifer reservoir and reach the Silurian hot shale. In those places, even the Jurassic evaporites series are affected by those faults, but they don’t present a high throw.

Keywords: Shale gas, aquifer, evaporites, seismic.

Biography:

Ke Li is a doctoral candidate in School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,China.

Abstract:

Biography:

Mr. Tigabu is currently doing his PhD at Kiel University in the department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management. He has completed two master degrees at Kiel University, Germany (Master of Science in Ecohydrology, 2015)  and at Arba Minich University, Ethiopia (Master of Science in Hydrology and Water Resources Management, 2008). He is a faculty member of Gondar University, Ethiopia. He has good  expiriences in both professional and academic works of hydrology and water resources. He was the head of the department of pre engineering at institute of technology, university of Gondar from 2011 to 2012.

Abstract:

This research focuses on thestatistical analysis of rainfall and streamflow time series of Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia. Statistical methods such as auto and cross correlations and trend analysis were applied. The study showedthat mean annual rainfalls, streamflows and the Lake level are decreasing significantly from decade to decade. The decadal mean of Abbay flow was 142.54 m³/s during 1990s and dropped to 131.20 m³/s for 2000s.Similarly, the Lake water level has shown a decreasing trend from 1990s to 2000s. It showed a negative difference of 0.31 m and 0.29 m between 1980s-1990s and 1990s-2000s respectively. The autocorrelation for both rainfall and streamflow were significantly different from zero with maximum value at time lag 1 that decreases linearlyas the time lag increases indicating that the sample data are nonrandom.

Biography:

G P Shivashankara has completed his PhD at the age of 40 years from Bangalore University, INDIA. He is a Professor in Department of Civil Engineering, P.E.S College of Engineering, Mandya - 571401, INDIA. He has more than 31 years of experience in teaching and research fields. He is specialized in Environmental Engineering. He has guided several M.Tech and Ph.D students. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and authored one text book. Serving as Principal Investigator he has taken four sponsored project to carry out the reseach work. On invitation he has visited number of countries for paper presentation. Adarsh S is working as Doctoral research scholar under the guidance of G P Shivashankara.

Abstract:

The study is an assessment of the quality of wet precipitation and the harvested rainwater samples from different types of roof catchments such as Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC), Galvanized Iron, Asbestos Cement & Galvalume sheets in urban area consisting of residential, commercial, downstream of  industrial area with Bengaluru urban area. The precipitation samples were collected using wet precipitation collector by placing it on the terrace of the building. The harvested rainwater samples were collected in a staggered manner as first, second and third flush from all the roofs. The samples were analyzed for pH, TDS, Conductivity, Cations, Anions and some Heavy metals. Mean pH of wet precipitation is around 5.44 which is less than neutral pH 5.60 depicts slight acidic nature of wet precipitation. The study shows that lower pH in precipitation was controlled by acidic species of sulphate and nitrate. The concentration of harvested rainwater is more than the concentration of wet precipitation and varied for different roof catchments. The harvested rainwater concentration is within the acceptable limit of drinking water standards IS 10500: 2012 except Iron. pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Conductivity, Sulphate, Bicarbonate, Nitrate, Calcium, Magnesium and Bicarbonate concentrations have been identified to be higher in RCC roof than Galvanized iron, Galvalume & Asbestos cement sheet. Some heavy metals have been found to be lower in RCC roof than other roof catchments. In most of the cases the first flush of the harvested rainwater has higher concentration compared to second and third flush. The presence of  pollutants can be attributed towards atmosphereic dry depositions, anthropogenic activities, industrial emissions and leaching of roof catchment due to acidic nature of wet precipitation. The harvested  rainwater can be utilized for groundwater recharge or any other purpose by providing  pre-treatment after separating it from the first flush.

Biography:

Dr. Omeje Maxwell has completed his PhD at the age of 38 years from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and a Lecturer at Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant Uniersity, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. I am in position of Lecturer I in Geophysics Option and have published 17 ISI/ Scopus  indexed and have been serving as an editorial board member of Advance in Science, Technology and Engineering System  Journal.

Abstract:

The ²³⁸U and toxic induced cancer elements were estimated in groundwater samples collected in some parts of Abuja and were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) system. The radiological risks for cancer mortality were found distinctly low, with highest value of 1.01 × 10^-7 reported at Dei-Dei borehole compared to Kubwa borehole with a value of 3.01 × 10^-8. The cancer morbidity risk was noted higher in Dei-Dei borehole with a value of 1.55 × 10^-7 whereas lower value of 4.88 × 10^-9 was reported in Kubwa borehole. Lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) reported higher in Water Board compared to Dei-Dei and Kubwa borehole samples. The values obtained are quite low compared to the International Reference Dose Level. This indicates apparently that chemical carcinogenic pollutants on groundwater -based drinking may be the major risk inducing chemical parameters in the study area.

Biography:

Dr MO Dinka has completed his PhD from BOKU University (Austria) and postdoctoral studies from Tshwane University of Technology (South Africa). He is an expert in the areas of hydraulics, hydrology, and water management. Currently he is a senior lecturer at university of Johannesburg, Department of Civil Engineering Science. He has published more than 10 articles in accredited international journals. 

Abstract:

The soil and water resources of Ethiopia, although still rich, are degrading quickly. Topography, soil types, and agro-ecological parameters play a significant role in the degradation processes influenced by man. According to the Ethiopian Highlands Reclamation Study soil erosion is estimated to cost the country 1.9 billion US$ between 1985 and 2010. The aim of this work was to estimate the soil loss and sediment yield within Lake Basaka catchment from limited available dataset in distributed manner using the RUSLE model in GIS environment. This study is the first attempt to estimate the soil erosion and sediment yield in the entire Lake Basaka watershed using combined use of RUSLE, RS and GIS. Accordingly, all the RUSLE factors for the lake catchment were formulated and prepared in raster format. The raster layers were then ovarlayed in GIS and then the soil loss was estimated. The result indicates that the annual soil loss varies from 0 to 309 tons/ha, with average value of 108 tons/ha. Areas highly contributing to soil loss are those areas where the slope steepness is high. About 21 cm of the economically productive top soil is lost since 1973 from the catchment. The computed sediment yield indicates that about 14% of the lake incremental volume and depth in recent periods is due to sedimentation. The study result indicated the potential areas highly contributing to erosion and sedimentation and hence gives clue where land use/cover practice has to be done to reduce, if not avoided, the impacts of erosion and the subsequent sedimentation in the lake.

Biography:

DR. SHWETHA PRASANNA has completed her PhD from National Institute of Technology  Karnataka,  Surathkal. She has done her M.tech from  National Institute of Technology  Karnataka  Surathkal. At present she is working as a Assistant Professor at Don Bosco College of Engineering, Fatorda, Goa.  She has  published  6 papers in procedings and 4 papers in reputed international journals.  

Abstract:

Knowledge of the soil hydraulic properties is very important to solve many soil and water management problems related to agriculture, ecology, and environmental issues. The most frequently used hydraulic properties are the soil water retention curve and the hydraulic conductivity function. Soil water retention curve is a key parameter in soil and water management practices for sustainable and improved agricultural production. It describes the relationship between soil-water potential and its volumetric water content, θ(h). Hydraulic conductivity is other important soil property, especially for modeling water flow and solute transport in soil, irrigation and drainage design, groundwater modeling and other agricultural as well as engineering processes. The primary objective of this study was to characterize soil hydraulic properties for the Pavanje river basin soils that lie in the coastal region of Karnataka, India. The study is mainly focused to develop and validate point and parametric PTF models based on nonlinear regression technique using the different set of predictors such as particle size distribution, bulk density, porosity and organic matter content. The point PTF models estimated retention points at -33, -100, -300, -500, -1000, and -1500 kPa matric potentials and parametric PTF models estimated van Genuchten and Brooks-Corey water retention parameters. Pedotransfer functions were developed and validated for the estimation of saturated hydraulic conductivity also. The study of hydraulic properties done in this work could be very helpful for any hydrological modeling for this particular area.

Biography:

Badr Benseddik is a PhD Student, aged 30, performs its work in Laboratory of Geosciences of Natural Resources, Hydroinformatic Section; his thesis is focuses on the Decision Support System (DSS) for Water Resources Optimization in coastal zone of Gharb Basin (NW, Morocco). He is also temporary professor of courses: Hydrogeological Modeling, Algorithms & Programming at the Faculty of Science Ibn Tofail, He participated in five international events with three oral presentations, and two posters. He has published one paper and the second is being corrected.

Abstract:

The coastal area of Gharb basin containing Mnasra aquifer constitutes the only hydric resource for region in terms of domestic consumption and agricultural demand which does not cease to increase. In addition, we record a sharp drop in the water table relatively to the last two decades, the problem of saline intrusion and an alarming deterioration in its quality that which imposes a major management issue. At this level, we resort to the artificial recharge highlighting a set of techniques, tools and methods that can ensure the sustainability of exploitation in a rational framework despite the eventual constraints: growth of population, extension of agricultural perimeters. And climate change. However, In order to proceed with the application of artificial recharge, choose the technique and the tools. We must in first identify the area or areas that are favorable for recharge, this is requires a thorough knowledge of geology, pedology, hydrogeology and water quality. Indeed, the present work focuses on a comparative approach for two models: numerical (Hydrodynamic) using Finite elements method, and analytical solution (Glover) that has been programmed with C++ Language. Finally, the level of concordance between these solutions in space and time allows localize the area that present the best conditions for artificial recharge relative to the “Flow” and the “Recharge Time” needed to offset the hydraulic deficit of water balance of aquifer.

Biography:

Vinod K. Singh is Ph.D. in Geology from University of Delhi and expertise in the field of Structural Geology and Global Tectonics. He works on Structure and tectonics on Himalayan orogenic belts and on Plaeaomagnetism at Tubingen University, Germany as scientists and co-reseacher with Prof. Erwin Appel in a collaborative project funded by German Research Council for Advanced Research on Himalayan Tectonics. He joins Bundelkhand University, Jhansi on November 19, 1999 as Faculty member and doing research on Precambrian geodynamics of Bundelkhand craton. He working in collaboration with Prof. Alexander Slabunov, Instutute of Geology, KRC, Petrozavodsk, Russia, funded by DST-ILTP. 

Abstract:

The mafic-ultramafic, banded iron formation, felsic volcanics, and granites have recognized as Archaean formation in the Bundelkhand craton. Two generations of felsic volcanics are found in Mauranipur and one in Babina greenstone belt, the central part of craton. The zircons separated from Mesoarchaean felsic volcanics from Mauranipur belt have ages 3242±65 Ma and 2813±20 Ma. The oldest zircon grains are interpreted as xenocrystics captured from pre-existing rocks whereas the second zircon group reflects the magmatism for continental crustal growth in Mauranipur belt. The second generation of felsic volcanics occurs in Babina belt during the Neoarchaean (2542±17 Ma). This volcanics correspond in composition to calc-alkaline dacites and rhyolites, indicating a subduction-related origin at an active continental margin. The Sm-Nd model ages (3.14 Ga) from volcanics of Babina belt indicate contamination of ancient crustal material. The young ages of 2531±21 Ma, 2516±38 Ma, and 2514±13 Ma magmatic crystallization age for pink granite in Babina area, suggest last stage of comprehensive reworking of continental crust of the craton during accretion -collisional events. The potassium-rich granites classified as mostly calc-alkaline in nature and having high silica 71.84 to 74.86 wt. %. In the Harkar diagram granites show the positive correlation of K₂O versus SiO₂ suggests that K-feldspar fractionation an important differentiation process during the late stages of crystallization for the granite. On the discrimination diagrams, the granites plot in the field of syn-collision to post-orogenic and A-type characteristics also indicates that it formed during syn-to post tectonic setting. 

The works began under DST-ILTP (INT/ILTP/B-2.72) and continue for MOU between Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India and Institute of Geology, Karelian Research Centre, Petrozavodsk, RAS, Russia. 

Biography:

I have completed my MTech at the age of 24 years from College of Engineering, Pune. This is my first paper.

Abstract:

Over the years RADARs have been in use for various purposes like target detection, navigation, geological observations, etc. and now also in automobile industry as automotive radar for connected car solutions. It works on the basic principle of reflection. A wind profiling RADAR is a complicated system of transmitters and receivers and a large array of antennas to determine the wind profiles like wind vectors, directions, wind velocity, precipitation etc. The Exciter plays a major role as it forms a part of transmitter section. The exciter is used to feed the antenna elements with signal to be transmitted into the atmosphere and the reflections received are fed to an RF Front End receiver and then to processing system to determine wind profiles mentioned above. The exciter generates the radar operating frequency of varying power levels as desired by the user which depends on the operational height to be achieved. But at the same time the power levels generated by the exciter are constrained by the input levels of the further sections in the system. The objective behind setting up a wind profiling radar is to reduce the tedious task of the scientist of periodically launching a balloon to determine the wind profiles. On one hand it costs a huge amount of money and also increases the cost if the communication link is lost with launched balloon and there is a need to launch another balloon and on the other hand it is every time required to take the permission of the Air Traffic Control and higher authorities before the launch. The radar data helps the Air Traffic Control in providing weather information to the operating flights. The thesis gives an introduction of what is a radar, what are the various kinds of radars and how a radar functions. It also discusses the basic operating principle of radar and how is wind profiling radar different from other radars and conventional weather radars. Next it explains in detail the blocks of the exciter, communication protocol and the modes of operation. The simulation results of the exciter in different operational modes have been shown and the stage wise test results of the system has also been attached.

Biography:

Yoshiharu Mitoma, PhD (Engineering, Kyushu University, 1997) is now a Professor at the Prefectural University of Hiroshima. He was awarded the Young Chemist Award from the Asian Chemical Congress (2005, Seoul, Korea) and from the International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology (Houston, Texas, USA). He was a Peer in Juries for different projects of two Japanese ministries (MEXT and METI). Currently, his studies specifically examine new dechlorination methods for use with dioxin and dioxin-like compounds using nanoparticles under dry or environmentally friendly conditions. His research also elucidates new solidification and immobilization methods for toxic heavy metals in soil.

Abstract:

Subsequent to the tragic Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant event, large areas of urban and agricultural soils were polluted with radioactive ¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs, which have been trapped in various clays. A conventional decontamination method is to suspend the polluted soil in water to remove fine soil particles. However, this method entails several shortcomings such as large amounts of wastewater involved or its freezing during winter. Therefore, much attention has been devoted to dry decontamination methods. Given these circumstances, we developed a new method using nano-Fe/Ca/CaO composite material as a reagent for the immobilization and separation of stable and radioactive cesium species in contaminated soil under dry conditions. After grinding contaminated soil with nano-Fe/CaO, nano-Fe/Ca/CaO, and nano-Fe/Ca/CaO/[PO₄], approximately 31, 25, and 22 wt% magnetic soil fractions were separated, with ¹³³Cs immobilization of about 78, 81, and 100%, respectively. When actual radioactive cesium contaminated soil obtained from the Fukushima region was treated with nano-Fe/Ca/CaO/[PO₄], approximately 27.3/72.7 wt% of magnetic and non-magnetic soil fractions were separated. The highest amount of entrapped ^134/137Cs was found in the magnetically separated soil fraction of lowest weight (i.e. 80% Cs in 27.3% soil). The Cs immobilization in either magnetic or non-magnetic soil fractions was 100%. The morphology and mineral phases of the nano-Fe/Ca/CaO/[PO₄] treated soil were characterized using SEM-EDS, EPMA, and XRD analyses. EPMA and XRD patterns indicate that the main fraction of enclosed/bound materials on treated soil includes Ca/PO₄ associated crystalline complexes. These results suggest that a simple grinding treatment with nano-Fe/Ca/CaO/[PO₄] might be a highly efficient immobilization and separation method for actual radioactive-cesium-contaminated soil.

Biography:

Emberga Terhemba Theophilus is presently a PhD Student at Federal University of Technology, Owerri, School of Physical Science, studying Applied Geophysics. He is a Lecturer with Federal Polytecnic Nekede in the Department of Physics/Electronics. He has published more than 17 papers in reputed journals. 

Abstract:

The aeromagnetic data have been used to re-evaluate parts of the Upper Benue Trough, Nigeria using spectral analysis technique in order to appraise the mineral accumulation potential of the area. The regional field was separated with a first order polynomial using Polyfit program. The residual data was subdivided into 24 spectral blocks using OASIS MONTAJ software program. Two prominent magnetic depth source layers were identified. The deeper source depth values obtained ranges from 1.56 km to 2.92 km with an average depth of 2.37 km as the magnetic basement depth; while for the shallower sources, the depth values ranges from -1.17 km to 0.98 km with an average depth of 0.55 km. The shallow depth source is attributed to the volcanic rocks that intruded the sedimentary formation and this could possibly be responsible for the mineralization found in parts of the study area.

Biography:

Ahmed M El Shishtawy has completed his MSc and PhD degrees from the University of California, Santa Cruz, USA. He worked in the Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, after his return from USA in 1990 and he is now working as a Professor Emeritus in the same department. He has supervised more than 30 MSc and PhD theses and published more than 50 articles and attended more than 30 conferences in Egypt and abroad. He has worked in different disciplines in Egypt and Oman and is now working as Vice Executive Director of Tanta University Unit for Management Projects. 

Abstract:

The study of the impact of the natural "Therapeutic" environment, known as balneology, has now become an important issue that many individuals and societies encourage for. This study aims to provide possible ways to benefit from natural resources (including mineral waters) for local communities, especially in desert areas, through the development of "Eco-Tourism"; a tool to reduce poverty of desert communities and protect natural and societal environmental resources. Also, to convert harmful local natural threats to opportunities through the development of safe and cure environment which provides sustainable development in such remote areas. Utilizing mineral waters as a part of preventative medicine is a main goal of this study. A considerable number of health problems can be cured by hot spring therapies, especially burns, hypertension, diabetes, gout, muscle aches, hemorrhoids, etc. In addition to hot springs, geologic materials such as mud and sand have been used for therapeutic purposes; sand baths are popular therapeutic practice. The Egyptian Western Desert oases area represents models for the desert regions of very rich natural resources and community-based eco-tourism attraction, but its services and the level of its economic life are considered poor. Siwa Oasis is located approximately 50 km east of the Libyan border and about 560 km from Cairo. The oasis is laying 12-18 meters below sea level and extends 82 Km long with a width varying between 2 and 20 km. The economic base of the oasis is agriculture, of which dates and olives are the principal produces. A large number of natural springs (about 146 springs) and more than 1000 wells are present in the Siwa area. All occurrences of thermal water (T>35⁰C) are from deep wells (Nubian Sandstone aquifer). The temperatures of Nubian paleowater are in the range of 35.4-48.3⁰C; with two exceptions of 61.8⁰C and 61.3⁰C in wells Kifar and Qara, respectively. Until today, all thermal water pumped in Siwa area is used for irrigation purposes only.

Biography:

Mary J Thornbush received her Doctorate from the University of Oxford (UK) in 2006 and graduated from the University of Toronto (Ontario, Canada) with MSc (2001) and Hon BSc (1998) degrees. She has Post-doctoral research experience from the Oxford University Centre for the Environment (2006-2007), University of Birmingham (UK, 2010-2015), and Brock University (Ontario, Canada, 2015-2016). She has over 50 publications. She has delivered numerous presentations in North America and Europe since 2000. Her contributions to editing include special issues in academic journals (since 2012) and books published by Elsevier, Springer, and Bentham Science (since 2014).

Abstract:

Even though sinkhole occurrences continue to receive media attention, more research is needed in the Geosciences. This paper examines the suitability of this work as a Geomorphology application from a Physical Geography standpoint. More specifically, it aims to examine an existing online dataset in search of any spatial-temporal trends in sinkhole formation in Florida counties where there are limestone deposits. Although dates have been reported for known reported sinkholes, considerations have not particularly focused on the temporal span of occurrences. By examining the seasonality of sinkhole occurrence, for example, it is possible to discern any effects of heating or cooling associated with processes that are connected to temperature and seasonal climate. This study is relevant to an understanding of climate change impacts on the formation and appearance of these erosional landforms.

Biography:

Fatah Ramdhan is the student of Universitas Padjadjaran in Geophysics Department. He is in his last semester in Geophysics Department, Universitas Padjadjaran and is going to get his Bachelor of Science in Geophysics. He will get his thesis on Mining. He is active in geophysics organizations such as Society of Exploration Geophysicist (SEG), Himpunan Mahasiswa Geofisika Indonesia (HMGI), HMGF Pedra and Universitas Padjadjaran. He was researching about landslide victims who were heaped by landslide, using resistivity analysis. In another research, he was researching about model of arsenic distribution patern in Garut, West Java.

Abstract:

This research was done in North Jakarta to analyze changes in soil physical properties as indicators of environmental pollution using geophysical methods based on electricity and combined by chemical analysis. 20 samples of soil were taken from two different sites. The first site is along Jalan Yos Sudarso, and the second site is along the banks of Kali Sunter. The length of each site is 1 kilometer, with spacing point of sample as far as 100 meters. Each sample was tested in laboratory to observe the value of total dissolved solid (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC) and pH, by assumed normal condition weather. The results of laboratory tests showed an average value of TDS to be 118.2 ppm, EC amounted to 236.4 μS/cm and pH was shown to be alkaline, which means that the area has been a polluted environment. Increasing TDS value was followed by increasing EC value and the graph showed a linear relationship between both of them. Environmental pollution was predicted to be caused by the contributions of vehicle exhaust fumes and industrial pollution. Pollution pattern tended to increase towards the north approaching traffic line, harbor and industry.

Biography:

Reza Zahmatkesh Sarughi has completed his Bachelor of Science in Geology from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and is studying for his Master’s degree in Seismology also in the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. He has published 3 articles in Geology magazines in the past three years.

Abstract:

In the implementation of enormous projects, such as dams which put huge forces on anchors and location foundation, or the digging of a tunnel which causes extraction of a huge stone and distribution of power from the initial condition, the knowledge of physical parameters of the rock mass can provide some answers. With the geo-physic seismology methods, elastic and dynamic modulus of stone mass can be discovered. These moduli are very important in recognizing the nature of the rock mass. One of these moduli is called the Young’s modulus which resists the axial deformation under axial tension in the elastic range of the rock. In the tensions applied to the stone mass for a long time, the stone will show a non-elastic behavior. The knowledge gained from this behavior is crucial. The static parameter of deformation of the stone mass (D) is a parameter that can cover both elastic and non-elastic behaviors. In order to achieve the static parameter of deformation, there are several rock mechanic tests which require time and money. One procedure that can reduce the amount of time and cost to some extent is known as seismic petit method. This method is based on the frequency shear wave measures that the recipient received with the help of linear relation between the measured frequencies of associated static modules and change shape. This is obtained from load testing e-page static modulus which can be morally deformed rock mass in various parts of the estimate. Evaluation of the results was done on clay plate held in exploratory dam tunnel of Mashhad (Kardeh).

Biography:

Anar Samedi recently received his BSc in Geography from University of Calgary, and is completing BGIS from Southern Alberta Institute of Technology. He currently works as Research Assistant at University of Calgary. His research interests include glaciology and climate change, air quality and population respiratory health monitoring (last research was conducted in conjunction with Health Canada). He has 7 publications so far.

Abstract:

The objectives of this research were to: 1) Visualize the retreat of Saskatchewan glacier over the temporal period of 1957 to 2016; 2) create a digital geo-database with GIS-ready data of Saskatchewan glacier; 3) measure the distance of glacial retreat between the years of 1957 and 2016; 4) visualize the temperature change of the study region from 1957 to 2016; 5) visualize the rate of rainfall, snowfall, total precipitation and temperature change rate; 6) find correlation between the temperature data and rate of retreat of the glacier and 7) develop a model that will allow predicting future trends of glacial retreat. Following questions were answered: What areas of the Saskatchewan glacier receives the highest amount of solar radiation; what are the future temperature/volume change of the Saskatchewan; what is the volume of ice preserved from the proposed methodology; and value of GIS use for analysis of glacial data. Project Scope: Determine the areas of high insolation on the glacier; estimate the change in volume over years; and project the future trends of the glacier. Correlation between the recession rate and change in temperature was proven by visually comparing the change of temperature and glacier retreat maps. The glacier reacts to the increase of temperature by retreating towards its origin. The mechanism by which the glacier is retreating is the increase in ablation zone, which disturbs the glacier mass balance.

Biography:

Anwar has completed his PhD in Geoscience  from Florida International University in 2008 and postdoctoral studies from University of Florida and University of South Florida. He is currently teaching introductory courses in Geology at Valencia College.
 

Abstract:

Buoyancy induced bubble dynamics is investigated using the Gunstensen color model based on the lattice Boltzmann method. A source term is incorporated in the collision term to simulate buoyant rise of bubble under gravitational force.  The shape of bubble is controlled by inertial, viscous and surface tension forces. The interplay between these forces is quantified using non-dimensional numbers such as Eötvös number (Eo), Morton number (Mo) and Reynolds number (Re). The shape of bubble in various flow regimes, characterized by the non-dimensional numbers, is compared against the experimental data. The effect of surface tension and viscosity ratio on terminal velocity and shape of bubble is investigated. The LBM results for change in shape of bubble or circularity of bubble is compared against COMSOL. Co-axial and oblique coalescence of two gas bubbles are simulated and compared against the experimental data. The LBM result was found to be in good agreement with the analytical solution, the experimental data and the COMSOL simulation.

The buoyancy model is applied to investigate the impact of capillary, buoyancy, and viscous forces on the displacement of brine by supercritical CO₂ at the pore scale.  The effect of these forces on residual brine will be quantified in terms of non-dimensional numbers such as Bond number (Bo), Viscosity ratio (M), and Reynolds number (Re). This can help us predict the storage capacity of a given aquifer for given physical properties of CO₂ and brine. The density contrast between brine and CO₂ ranges from 1.3 to 4.5 and the viscosity contrast ranges from 5 to 40.

Biography:

Prince Suka Momta holds a BSc degree in Geology from the University of Calabar, MSc in Petroleum Geology and PhD in Geology (Sedimentology & Reservoir Geology) from the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. He has a strong technical background and experience in oilfield operations involving drilling and formation evaluation, wellsite operations, well completion and casing for the past six years with OANDO Energy Services, Lonestar Drilling and CISCON Nigeria Limited. He has lectured with Uptonville Oil and Gas Institute (Petroleum Geoscience Institute) for six years and supervised 20 undergraduate and postgraduate diploma students of Petroleum Geoscience; published over 15 papers in reputable international journals and presented 4 conference papers; served as PhD Research Assistant to the OB Lulu Briggs Chair in Petroleum Geosciences at the Institute of Petroleum Studies, University of Port Harcourt between 2013 and 2016. He is a seasoned subsurface exploration consultant/Head of technical team with Petro-Drill Global Concept Limited/Radiant Exploration (USA) and Geo Exploration Technologies (Germany), promoting a state-of-the-art 4D satellite/airborne hydrocarbon and solid mineral exploration technology. She was a member of Oil Spill Rapid Response Team on Lonestar Drilling rig for all the operations in the Nembe Creek, Bayelsa State, and also an Environmental Consultant to Eyaa Community, Onne, Rivers State between 2014 and 2015, handling a major spill that occurred in the area. He reviews research articles for the American Journal of Geosciences (Science Publication), and Editorial Advisory Board Member on Petroleum Geology to the Elixir International Journal and Pelagia Research Library. 

Abstract:

Depositional and structural elements confer significant impact on hydrocarbon flow behaviour. These geologic elements were evaluated to understand possible causes of rapid production decline. The oilfield where this study is carried out is located within the shallow offshore area of the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The field experiences high decline in oil rate and sharp increase in water-cut two years after commencement of production. This research provides a predictive insight into coning behaviour and also serves as a blueprint for post-breakthrough performance analysis. Key objectives considered include: To identify subsurface structure capable of hydrocarbon entrapment; determine depositional characteristics of facies/depositional environment of key reservoirs; and to determine possible causes of rapid production decline in the field. The methods adopted include; well log correlation and sequence stratigraphic technique to establish the continuity of key horizons; electrofacies/seismic characterization of the gross depositional setting of key reservoirs and 3D seismic volume attribute analysis for stratigraphic and structural characterization. The 3D seismic volume attribute procedure for generating attributes follows a defined Petrel workflow that uses established algorithms to output anticipated results. The results showed that eight continuous sand horizons occurred within six depositional sequences of 7000 ft thick paralic Agbada Formation. A depth structure map generated over the N5.2 sand revealed a structural saddle; an elongate four-way dip closure with two structural culminations. Further analysis using 3D seismic attributes on time slice 0 to 4000 milliseconds showed four facies distribution patterns. They include: Dispersed facies; linear/parallel facies; isolated pattern, and meandering configuration. Depositional attributes inferred include: Beach-barrier-shoreface deposits; deep sea channel, chaotic turbidite sands, and stratigraphic pinchouts. Areas with high seismic root-mean-square amplitude represent sand-prone facies; low amplitude areas may be interpreted as pelagic or hemipelagic sedimentation, or water-bearing facies. The N5.2 producing sand has excellent reservoir quality and natural fractures. Inappropriate choke management, water injection, excellent reservoir quality and vertical fractures are factors that aggravated significant fluid flow and early water breakthrough, resulting in rapid production decline. The 3D seismic horizon slices is suitable for amplitude display, gross rock bodies identification, selection of possible drilling locations and for strati-structural modeling.

Biography:

Imran Ullah has completed his BS Geology (Hons) from Institute of Geology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. He had started his Master’s studies in Geology majoring in Structural Geology at Department of Earth Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Pakistan. He is also working as a Structural Geologist at the G & G department, KP Oil and Gas Company Limited, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Abstract:

The study area lies in the southern part of the Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis sub-Himalayas Pakistan. The Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis is an antiformal structure. The core of syntaxis comprises of Himalayan molasse deposits. These molasse deposits (Early Miocene-Recent) are outcroping sediments in the area. This study unravels the structure and stratigraphy of Nawan and Ghoi areas of Azad Kashmir and Pakistan. The Himalayan molasse deposits are exposed in the southern Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis. The formations exposed are the Chinji Formation, Nagri Formation, DhokPathan Formation, Soan Formation, Mirpur Formation and recent alluvium. The area is highly deformed into folds and faults due to Himalayan orogeny. The folds are NW-SE trending or SW-NE trending. The folds are asymmetric, tight, open, and gentle and close in nature. The folds are southwest, northeast or southeast, and northwest vergent. The Jhelum Fault truncates the northeast, southwest, southeast and northwest trending structures. The major folds are Jabran syncline, Shikra anticline, Haveli syncline, Band anticline and Chanas anticline. The major faults in the study area are Jhelum Fault and Malikpur Diljaba fault. The Jhelum Fault is a left lateral strike-slip fault with reverse movement. The Jhelum Fault truncates the northwest and southeast trending Himalayan structures. The Malikpur-Diljaba fault is the back thrust splay of the Jhelum Fault. The folds and faults are the result of northeast southwest or northwest southeast Himalayan compression in the area.

Biography:

G P Shivashankara has completed his PhD from Bangalore University, India. He is a Professor in Department of Civil Engineering, P E S College of Engineering, Mandya, India. He has more than 31 years of experience in teaching and research fields. He is specialized in environmental engineering. He has guided several MTech and PhD students. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and authored one text book. Serving as Principal Investigator, he has taken four sponsored projects to carry out the research work. On invitation, he has visited number of countries for paper presentation.

Abstract:

The study is an assessment of the quality of wet precipitation and the harvested rainwater samples from different types of roof catchments such as reinforced cement concrete (RCC), galvanized iron, asbestos cement & galvalume sheets in urban area consisting of residential, commercial, downstream of industrial area with Bengaluru urban area. The precipitation samples were collected using wet precipitation collector by placing it on the terrace of the building. The harvested rainwater samples were collected in a staggered manner as first, second and third flush from all the roofs. The samples were analyzed for pH, TDS, conductivity, cations, anions and some heavy metals. Mean pH of wet precipitation was around 5.44 which is less than neutral pH 5.60, depicts slight acidic nature of wet precipitation. The study shows that lower pH in precipitation was controlled by acidic species of sulphate and nitrate. The concentration of harvested rainwater is more than the concentration of wet precipitation and varied for different roof catchments. The harvested rainwater concentration is within the acceptable limit of drinking water standards IS 10500:2012 except iron. pH, total dissolved solids, conductivity, sulphate, bicarbonate, nitrate, calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate concentrations have been identified to be higher in RCC roof than galvanized iron, galvalume & asbestos cement sheet. Some heavy metals have been found to be lower in RCC roof than other roof catchments. In most of the cases, the first flush of the harvested rainwater has higher concentration compared to second and third flush. The presence of pollutants can be attributed towards atmospheric dry depositions, anthropogenic activities, industrial emissions and leaching of roof catchment due to acidic nature of wet precipitation. The harvested rainwater can be utilized for groundwater recharge or any other purpose by providing pre-treatment after separating it from the first flush.

Biography:

Atumah O Lawrence has completed his MSc in Physics (Exploration Geophysics) from University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria in 2003. He is a Principal Lecturer in the Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Applied Sciences and Technology. He has publications in reputable journals and served as Head of Department of Science Laboratory Technology and is currently the Director of Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES).

Abstract:

In this research work, four Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were carried out in Ewu Town at various locations: Eguare-Ewu, Idunwele-Ewu, Flour Mill Road-Ewu and Eko-Ewu using the ABEM terrameter, by employing the Schlumberger electrode configuration system to determine the level of groundwater. From the analysis of field data and results of computer iteration, a maximum of four geoelectric layers were obtained. The first layer of geoelectric section was the lateritic top soil with thickness of 1.21 m and 11.1, for VES 1 and VES 2, with apparent resistivity of 438 Ωm and 183 Ωm. The possible aquiferous zone for sustaining groundwater are within the second and third layers for VES 1 and the fourth layer for VES 2, at a depth of 2.67 m – 47 m and infinity respectively. The apparent resistivity of the aquiferous layer of VES 1 and VES 2 are 797 Ωm and 362 Ωm respectively, which is a fine sand layer. The apparent resistivity of the aquiferous layer of VES 3 and VES 4 are 5511 Ωm and 129 Ωm respectively with infinity thickness. 

Biography:

Mohit Kumar has completed his graduation from University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun. Currently, he is working as Geologist in Wipro Technologies.

Abstract:

Natural fractures are classified in two broad categories of joints & faults on the basis of shear movement in the deposited strata. Natural fracture always has structural high relationship with extensional or non-extensional tectonics & sometimes the result is seen in the form of micro cracks. Geological evidences suggest that both large & small scale fractures help in to analyze the seismic anisotropy which essentially contributes in to characterization of petro physical properties behavior associated with directional migration of fluid. We generally question why basement study is much needed as historically it is being treated as non-productive & geoscientist had no interest in exploration of these basement rocks. Basement rock goes under high pressure and temperature & seems to be highly fractured because of the tectonic stresses that are applied to the formation along with the other geological factors such as depositional trend, internal stress of the rock body, rock rheology, pore fluid & capillary pressure. Sometimes carbonate rocks also plays the role of basement & igneous body e.g. basalt deposited over the carbonate rocks & fluid migrate from carbonate to igneous rock due to buoyancy force & adequate permeability generated by fracturing. So, in order to analyze the complete petroleum system, FMC (Fluid Migration Characterization) is necessary through fractured media including fracture intensity, orientation & distribution both in basement rock & county rock. Thus, good understanding of fractures can lead to project the correct wellbore trajectory or path which passes through potential permeable zone generated through intensified P-T & tectonic stress condition. This papers deals with the analysis of these fracture property such as intensity, orientation & distribution in basement rock as large scale fracture can be interpreted on seismic section however small scale fractures shows ambiguity in interpretation because fracture in basement rock lies below the seismic wavelength & hence shows erroneous result in identification. Seismic attribute technique also helps us to delineate the seismic fracture & subtle changes in fracture zone & these can be inferred from azimuthal anisotropy in velocity & amplitude and spectral decomposition. Seismic azimuthal anisotropy derives fracture intensity & orientation from compressional wave & converted wave data and based on variation of amplitude or velocity with azimuth. Still detailed analysis of fractured basement requires full isotropic & anisotropic analysis of fracture matrix & surrounding rock matrix in order to characterize the spatial variability of basement fracture which supports the migration of fluid from basement to overlying rock.

Biography:

Abstract:

Oceanic fronts are water regions having different characteristics compared with their surrounding waters. This tangible difference in temperature, salinity, nutrients, planktons and other physical features can be observable as well as measureable. In this research, in order to study the seasonal changing trends of physical parameters of Water Sea in the Ras Al Hadd front, the ROMS numerical model was rendered. In fronts, high speeds occur and changing these speeds is inevitable. Although fronts are usually observed like narrow strips, a wide range of turbulence happens in them. These turbulences are one of the main biological factors for aquatic animals and plants, since their effects and vertical movements make the vertical movements of particles and nutrients easier. The preliminary results revealed that the Indian Ocean’s seasonal currents and winds (Manson), dependent on special atmospheric conditions, mostly happens in the Northern parts of Indian Ocean. This causes some climatic changes in Arabian and Oman Sea that produces two quite different phases. The first is seasonal summer winds or west-south seasonal currents and the second is seasonal winter winds or north-east seasonal currents. In the former, a strong northern current in Arabian Sea is apparent. This current, in east most parts in Oman, i.e. Ras Al Hadd, changes direction into Arabian Sea and makes Ras Al Hadd front.

Biography:

Yuan Zeng is an Associate Professor in RADI. She completed her PhD in 2008 from Wageningen University in the Netherlands. Her research interests include hyperspectral remote sensing, forest canopy variable retrieval and modeling, remote sensing applications in forests and ecology. She has published more than 50 papers in journals. Currently, her on-going projects are related to the forest above ground biomass mapping and plant biodiversity estimation using LiDAR and hyperspectral data.

Abstract:

Monitoring forest biodiversity is essential to the conservation and management of forest resource. A new method called “Spectranomics” that map forest species richness based on leaf biochemical and spectroscopic traits using imaging spectroscopy has been developed. In this study, we use this method combined with the airborne imaging spectroscopy (PHI-3 with 1 m spatial resolution) data to detect the relationship among the spectral, biochemical and taxonomic diversity of tree species based on 20 dominant canopy species collected in the Longmenhe Forest Nature Reserve of China. Seven optimal biochemical components (chlorophyll, carotenoid, water, specific leaf area, nitrogen, cellulose and lignin) were selected (R2>0.58, P<0.01) to indicate the forest biodiversity, and the max species number detected by the 7 biochemical combination was 14. Then, 7 vegetation indices were derived to represent the corresponding biochemical components, and scaled from the canopy to leaf scale by divided leaf area index. In addition, we used the morphological crown control method based on watershed algorithm to isolate individual tree crown by LiDAR (>4 points/m²). Finally, a self-adaptive Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering algorithm was applied to determine the optimal clustering numbers (i.e. species richness) and Shannon-Wiener for each 30x30 m window based on the isolated individual tree height and 7 biochemical indices. According to total 22 sample plots, the mapping results show that the predicted species richness is close to the field measurements (R2=0.6482, P<0.01) and the predicted Shannon–Wiener index provides higher estimated accuracy (R2=0.8252, P<0.01) than the species richness.

Biography:

Bello Mojeed Adetunji studied BSc (Ed) in Geography and Environmental Management between year 2006 and 2011. He worked with Wole Oluseyi and Co. and Estate Surveyors and Valuers between year 2011 and 2012 and later proceeded to Ayeye and Company as a Business Development Officer in between year 2012 and 2014. During his undergraduate days, he was able to champion the Green Week. He is a Post-graduate student of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria. He is currently undertaking his Tutelage as MSc student in Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife. He is a Probationer Member of Nigeria Institute of Estate Surveyors and Valuers. He has attended several geoscience conferences and published a paper in a local journal titled “Social Analysis of Population and Land Use Dynamics in Ado Odo Ota L.G.A., Ogun State”. He has done a number of researches in the field of environmental management.

Abstract:

This study characterized the general features of rainwater in the study area. The spatial variation in the physio-chemical properties of rain water was determined and the influence of industrial activities around Ewekoro Cement Industry, Ogun State, Nigeria was investigated. This was with the aim to assess the impact of pollution on rain water composition. It also provides information on the air quality (total suspended particles and carbon-monoxide) and vulnerability of ecosystem to pollution in the study area. The study evaluated the chemical composition of composite samples and compared it with standards. Rainfall was collected using bulk precipitation collector that was made up of 2 mm plastic funnel in a 5 litre polythene plastic bottle which was held firmly by an iron rod that prevented it from falling. The funnel was covered with a permeable synthetic mesh that prevented the samples from being contaminated with leaves and bird dungs. The water samples were collected using standard with 2.5 ml of nitric acid (HNO₃) and 2.5 ml of perchlorate acid (HCIO₄) solution. The data collected were subjected to descriptive statistic and the spatial variability was described with isopleth. The secondary data involved an administrative map of the study area collected from Ogun state ministry of land and housing. The pH of rain water around Ewekoro Industrial Area ranged 7.20 and 9.00 with a mean±SD of 9.60±0.45; pH was noticeable to have uniform concentration in all sampling locations throughout the period of the study. The range of temperature (25.42-26.82 ⁰C) with a mean±SD of 26.34±0.72; conductivity (5.72-7.91 µScm^-1) with a mean of 6.90±0.96; Acidity (2.00-15.00 mgCaCO₃/L) with a mean±SE of 5.33±0.46; Total hardness (0.04-1.23 mgCaCO₃/L) with a mean±SE of 0.65±0.04 in rain water of the study area were all falling within the WHO (2010) and Nigeria Industrial Standards (NIS, 2007) permissible limits for drinking water quality. The mean concentration for the major ions of rain water in the study area occurred within the following categories: Mg²⁺ (Ë‚0.1 mg/l); NO₃˃Na⁺˃SO₄²⁺˃K⁺˃Ca²⁺ (0.1-1 mg/L); The concentration of cations were higher at northern direction (point D) while the concentration of sulphate was higher at the production plant (50 m radius) of the cement industry. The mean concentration of heavy metals in the study area were as follows; Cd (0.010±0.002 mg/L), Pb (0.00±0.001 mg/L), Mn (0.001±0.00 mg/L). They are all falling within the WHO (2010) and the Nigeria Industrial Standard (NIS, 2007) permissible limits for drinking water quality. The study concluded that industrial activities in the study area have an influence on all the physicochemical compositions of rain water in the study area, but more significant on major cation of calcium, magnesium, potassium and anion of sulphate, nitrate and chloride.

Biography:

Oladipo Abimbola Victor has completed his BSc from University of Ilorin, Nigeria and is currently in the second year of his Post-graduate Diploma from the same university. He currently teaches Geography at Eagles College, Apata, Ibadan. He is co-author of a paper in the journal of Environment and Natural Resources Research 2013.

Abstract:

In an oilfield exploration program, trap identification and reservoir fluid contact mapping are essential ingredients for reservoir studies in the absence of sufficient drilled wells. Trap identification and amplitude anomaly analysis of the Rainbow field, onshore Niger Delta was carried out using 3-D seismic and well log data. The objective of the study was to interpret structure maps for trap identification and extract amplitude data of such horizons in order to study hydrocarbon contacts. The method employed include well log correlation, reservoir identification, horizons interpretation, fault interpretation and amplitude extraction over the study area. Gamma ray log from 6 wells were correlated across the field to delineate the lithology and establish the continuity of reservoir sands. The tie between the reservoir tops and corresponding seismic reflections were established. Amplitudes of interpreted horizons were tracked to access the fluid contact. Results indicate 2 sand unit reservoirs II and I that are hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs and lies within depths range of (1200 m-2400 m and 2750-3300). The hydrocarbon contact could not be identified on well logs as the observed crossover of density and neutron logs signature is interpreted to be lithologic effect rather than fluid effect. In a bid to identify fluid contacts on the structure maps, amplitude was overlain with structure. Results show that amplitude did not conform to structure for reservoir I while reservoir II shows amplitude that correlates well with structure. Amplitude anomalies can be influenced by other factors including tuning effect and overpressure in shales. On the other hand, the structure maps shows the various positions and orientations of the normal growth faults and anticlinal folds. Anticline is an important structure for hydrocarbon folds. The faults are classified into major and minor faults. The major fault was continuous across the field while the minor fault terminates close to the anticlinal structure in the center of the field. The presence of these faults in the prospect areas is an indication of hydrocarbon accumulation in the fault traps, provided the fault zones are sealing. Therefore, it is interpreted that the principal structure responsible for hydrocarbon entrapment in the field is the anticlinal structure. Anticline is an important structure for hydrocarbon entrapment in the Niger Delta of Nigeria.